Speaking with a Copyright enforcement attorney may be necessary, although you may be able to resolve the matter without escalating it and involving an attorney. [253] Another motivation given is the politically explosive "Prince Tudor theory" that the youthful Oxford was Queen Elizabeth's lover; according to this theory, Oxford dedicated Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece, and the Sonnets to their son, England's rightful Tudor Prince, Henry Wriothesley, who was brought up as the 3rd Earl of Southampton. Thother the second parte of the history of kinge henry the iiijth with the humors of Sr John ffalstaff: Wrytten by mr Shakespere. Disclosure: This article and any associated comments are for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal advice. [82] Several contemporaries corroborate the identity of the playwright as an actor,[83] and explicit contemporary documentary evidence attests that the Stratford citizen was also an actor under his own name. Read “Causes of Hunger are related to Poverty” to learn more. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries many Baconians claimed to have discovered ciphers throughout the works supporting Bacon as the true author. [239] This sparked a cipher craze, and probative cryptograms were identified in the works by Ignatius Donnelly,[240] Orville Ward Owen, Elizabeth Wells Gallup,[241] and Dr. Isaac Hull Platt. Basic copyright law says that if you create it then you own it. His duties were to supervise and censor plays for the public theatres, arrange court performances of plays and, after 1606, to license plays for publication. [161], In 1853, with the help of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Delia Bacon travelled to England to search for evidence to support her theories. Sara Hawkins is the creator of a Blog Law series, which aims to help bloggers, entrepreneurs, and online professionals gain legal confidence. [198] Nothing was found. [132] The tests determined that Shakespeare's work shows consistent, countable, profile-fitting patterns, suggesting that he was a single individual, not a committee, and that he used fewer relative clauses and more hyphens, feminine endings, and run-on lines than most of the writers with whom he was compared. "The Shakespeare authorship question refers to ongoing debate about whether the works traditionally attributed to William Shakespeare of Stratford-upon-Avon were actually composed by another writer or group of writers." As authors look to extend their reach beyond a single book, a single act of copyright infringement can be a turn-off to a traditional publisher, movie agent, movie studio, or speaker’s bureau. She gained permission in the late 1930s to excavate, but authorities quickly withdrew her permit. When looking at the pattern of health care around the world, the WHO World Health Report 2008 found some common contradictions (see p.xiv, Box 1): Inverse care People with the most means – whose needs for health care are often less – consume the most care, whereas those with the least means and greatest health problems consume the least. [1] Although the idea has attracted much public interest,[2][a] all but a few Shakespeare scholars and literary historians consider it a fringe theory, and for the most part acknowledge it only to rebut or disparage the claims. Human beings have been socially‘networked’ in one manner or another for as long as we havebeen on the planet, and we have historically availed ourselves ofmany successive techniques and instruments for facilitating andmaintaining such networks. ‘Social networking’ is an inherently ambiguous termrequiring some clarification. But, again, you need to know what each of the licenses means and choose images that permit commercial use. [65] Similarly, praises of "Shakespeare" the writer, such as those found in the First Folio, are explained as references to the real author's pen-name, not the man from Stratford. The controversial debate topics are arranged in a pro-con format that allows keeping our debates organized and ensuring that both sides of a particular issue get equal exposure. This extreme view, called antinomianism, held that through faith in Christ one is completely free from all Old Testament law, all legalism, all secular law, and all the morality of a society. Devika Primić from Dubrovnik, Croatia on April 04, 2012: Issues with teens are most difficult if you don't understand what they are going through. [167], In 1907, Owen claimed he had decoded instructions revealing that a box containing proof of Bacon's authorship had been buried in the River Wye near Chepstow Castle on the Duke of Beaufort's property. "[176] Karl Bleibtreu, a German literary critic, advanced the nomination of Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland, in 1907. [88] The title was included in many contemporary references to Shakespeare, including official and literary records, and identifies William Shakespeare of Stratford as the same William Shakespeare designated as the author. Numerous public records, including the royal patent of 19 May 1603 that chartered the King's Men, establish that Phillips, Heminges, Burbage, and Condell were fellow actors in the King's Men with William Shakespeare; two of them later edited his collected plays. There are a number of important issues that have been debated throughout the history of developmental psychology. There are various reasons why some have chosen the authorship and unity of the book of Isaiah as a battleground… Amendment X… Authorship also implies responsibility and accountability for published work. [257] The theory then argues that Shakespeare was chosen as the front behind whom Marlowe would continue writing his highly successful plays. [209] This was followed in 1992 by a three-hour Frontline teleconference, "Uncovering Shakespeare: an Update", moderated by William F. Buckley, Jr.[210] In 1991 The Atlantic Monthly published a debate between Tom Bethell, presenting the case for Oxford,[211] and Irvin Leigh Matus, presenting the case for Shakespeare. Alleged Parallels between the Plays and Oxford's Life [206] Although Ogburn took the verdict as a "clear defeat", Oxfordian columnist Joseph Sobran thought the trial had effectively dismissed any other Shakespeare authorship contender from the public mind and provided legitimacy for Oxford. I met Sara on Google+, where I seem to be spending more and more time lately. The fairness or justice approach to ethics has its roots in the … Unfortunately, there is no checklist or strict reading of this law, creating challenges for many authors. This lack of documentation is taken by many anti-Stratfordians as evidence that Shakespeare had little or no education. Unfortunately, with self-publishing mistakes the consequences can be quite harsh. Some authorship theorists argue that the figure originally portrayed a man clutching a sack of grain or wool that was later altered to help conceal the identity of the true author. In the 1623 First Folio, they wrote that they had published the Folio "onely to keepe the memory of so worthy a Friend, & Fellow aliue, as was our Shakespeare, by humble offer of his playes". When it comes to using a brand name in a negative light, authors walk a very fine line. Can I change the title and cover and have book re-ISBN’d with different publisher? Fair Use is an exception to copyright infringement and allows a third party to use a copyrighted work under very specific circumstances. In 1895 Wilbur G. Zeigler, an attorney, published the novel It Was Marlowe: A Story of the Secret of Three Centuries, whose premise was that Christopher Marlowe did not die in 1593, but rather survived to write Shakespeare's plays. In instances where an investigation cannot be conducted by a journal’s publishing team, for example, if it relates to issues that may have occurred which would be difficult for the journal to source the necessary information to investigate (i.e. In some cases, the advisor blames the student authors, and finding the key individual responsible for the plagiarism is almost impossible. Perfect for an in-person interview, or a written exchange via email or letter. In your interview you may be asked to create a presentation on current issues in education or asked a question around current issues in schools and in the media. For example, in The Two Noble Kinsmen (1612–1613), written with John Fletcher, Shakespeare has two characters meet and leaves them on stage at the end of one scene, yet Fletcher has them act as if they were meeting for the first time in the following scene. [22] They attempt to disqualify William Shakespeare as the author and usually offer supporting arguments for a substitute candidate. The authorship question, he reasoned, could be addressed by a scientific approach. [53], In his surviving signatures William Shakespeare did not spell his name as it appears on most Shakespeare title pages. [141] Beaumont and Fletcher's plays dominated popular taste after the theatres reopened in the Restoration Era in 1660, with Ben Jonson's and Shakespeare's plays vying for second place. [261], Marlowe's candidacy was initially suggested in 1892 by T. W. White, who argued that Marlowe was one of a group of writers responsible for the plays, the others being Shakespeare, Greene, Peele, Daniel, Nashe and Lodge. In addition, there is the confrontation factor when you have to notify the person whose work you allege is infringing. [197] The next year he went to England to search for documentary evidence about Marlowe that he thought might be buried in his literary patron Sir Thomas Walsingham's tomb. [55] This is taken as evidence that he was not the same person who wrote the works, and that the name was used as a pseudonym for the true author. [194], Oxfordians say that the dedication to the sonnets published in 1609 implies that the author was dead prior to their publication and that 1604 (the year of Oxford's death) was the year regular publication of "newly corrected" and "augmented" Shakespeare plays stopped. [16], Despite the scholarly consensus,[17] a relatively small[18] but highly visible and diverse assortment of supporters, including prominent public figures,[19] have questioned the conventional attribution. Whether or not Wilmot really invented the anti-Stratfordian theory, it first took off in a big way in 1857, when Delia Bacon (no relation to Francis) and William H. Smith each separately published books arguing that the works of Shakespeare were most likely written by Francis Bacon. To sceptics, these gaps in the record suggest the profile of a person who differs markedly from the playwright and poet. [69], Shakespeare's funerary monument in Stratford consists of a demi-figure effigy of him with pen in hand and an attached plaque praising his abilities as a writer. The language of the will is mundane and unpoetic and makes no mention of personal papers, books, poems, or the 18 plays that remained unpublished at the time of his death. Dr. Orville Ward Owen constructed a "cipher wheel", a 1,000-foot strip of canvas on which he had pasted the works of Shakespeare and other writers and mounted on two parallel wheels so he could quickly collate pages with key words as he turned them for decryption. Sara, if it were me, I would talk with an intellectual property attorney to review the contract you signed and make sure of what you own, what they own, etc. Regardless of whether the book is a physical or electronic publication, it is a multi-step process to getting the book taken down from sale sites, notifying a publisher, contacting the author, and submitting a takedown request to a hosting company if an author is hawking the book on their site. [179] John M. Robertson published The Baconian Heresy: A Confutation in 1913, refuting the contention that Shakespeare had expert legal knowledge by showing that legalisms pervaded Elizabethan and Jacobean literature. The Scottish poet William Drummond recorded Jonson's often contentious comments about his contemporaries: Jonson criticised Shakespeare as lacking "arte" and for mistakenly giving Bohemia a coast in The Winter's Tale. His only attributed verse consists of seven metrical psalters, following Sternhold and Hopkins. Traditional publishers may have guidelines, but they’re also willing to defend them if challenged. [195] A brief upsurge of enthusiasm ensued, resulting in the establishment of the Shakespeare Oxford Society in the US in 1957.[196]. So, if controversy is synonymous with sports, then divisive issues are everywhere and all around. [37][38], Shakespeare was born, brought up, and buried in Stratford-upon-Avon, where he maintained a household throughout the duration of his career in London. [212] A similar print debate took place in 1999 in Harper's Magazine under the title "The Ghost of Shakespeare". [174], By the end of the 19th century other candidates had begun to receive attention. [68], Oxfordians think that the phrase "our ever-living Poet" (an epithet that commonly eulogised a deceased poet as having attained immortal literary fame), included in the dedication to Shakespeare's sonnets that were published in 1609, was a signal that the true poet had died by then. [243] Oxford was an important courtier poet,[244] praised as such and as a playwright by George Puttenham and Francis Meres, who included him in a list of the "best for comedy amongst us". [131], Beginning in 1987, Ward Elliott, who was sympathetic to the Oxfordian theory, and Robert J. Valenza supervised a continuing stylometric study that used computer programs to compare Shakespeare's stylistic habits to the works of 37 authors who had been proposed as the true author. [144], By the beginning of the 19th century, adulation was in full swing, with Shakespeare singled out as a transcendent genius, a phenomenon for which George Bernard Shaw coined the term "bardolatry" in 1901. [153] Their purpose was to inculcate an advanced political and philosophical system for which they themselves could not publicly assume responsibility. And so on and so forth. Sophie (author) on March 30, 2012: Kushi, I am sorry that you are stressed out by your health. Unlike the discussion above, though, with text or music lyrics you’re likely only using a portion of the work so there is a stronger argument with regard to the quantity of the work used. Ben Jonson wrote a short poem "To the Reader" commending the First Folio engraving of Shakespeare by Droeshout as a good likeness. [156] The following year Delia Bacon published a book outlining her theory: The Philosophy of the Plays of Shakspere Unfolded. Aristocrats such as Derby and Oxford supposedly used pseudonyms because of a prevailing "stigma of print", a social convention that putatively restricted their literary works to private and courtly audiences—as opposed to commercial endeavours—at the risk of social disgrace if violated. With that much content being generated, it's raising some interesting questions regarding copyright and intellectual property. [250], The first to lay out a comprehensive case for Oxford's authorship was J. Thomas Looney, an English schoolteacher who identified personality characteristics in Shakespeare's works—especially Hamlet—that painted the author as an eccentric aristocratic poet, a drama and sporting enthusiast with a classical education who had travelled extensively to Italy. [email protected]. It wasn’t until after I retired my book that I found out that the self-publishing company does not allow you to delete files of a completed project, meaning that my book is still on their website. [20] They work for acknowledgment of the authorship question as a legitimate field of scholarly inquiry and for acceptance of one or another of the various authorship candidates. The playwright and poet Ben Jonson knew Shakespeare from at least 1598, when the Lord Chamberlain's Men performed Jonson's play Every Man in His Humour at the Curtain Theatre with Shakespeare as a cast member. “That question is long, technical, and steeped in scholarship of ethics and policy of new technology, but it’s critical to guiding the development of BCIs,” Dubljević says. The study, known as the Claremont Shakespeare Clinic, was last held in the spring of 2010. [43] Some find that the works show little sympathy for upwardly mobile types such as John Shakespeare and his son, and that the author portrays individual commoners comically, as objects of ridicule. [254] Consequently, they date most of the plays earlier than the standard chronology and say that the plays which show evidence of revision and collaboration were left unfinished by Oxford and completed by other playwrights after his death.[255]. Oxford agrees to Elizabeth's demand that he remain anonymous as part of a bargain for saving their son from execution as a traitor for supporting the Essex Rebellion against her. In 1857 the English critic George Henry Townsend published William Shakespeare Not an Impostor, criticising what he called the slovenly scholarship, false premises, specious parallel passages, and erroneous conclusions of the earliest proponents of alternative authorship candidates. Authors are not often versed in the nuances of copyright law and may unwittingly find themselves on the wrong end of a copyright infringement conversation. [169] None were found. I write my first book and got screwed over by the publisher. [35], Little is known of Shakespeare's personal life, and some anti-Stratfordians take this as circumstantial evidence against his authorship. He was (indeed) honest, and of an open, and free nature; had an excellent fancy; brave notions, and gentle expressions ..."[107], In addition to Ben Jonson, other playwrights wrote about Shakespeare, including some who sold plays to Shakespeare's company. An edition of The Passionate Pilgrim, expanded with an additional nine poems written by the prominent English actor, playwright, and author Thomas Heywood, was published by William Jaggard in 1612 with Shakespeare's name on the title page. [113] Sir William Dugdale also included the inscription in his Antiquities of Warwickshire (1656), but the engraving was done from a sketch made in 1634 and, like other portrayals of monuments in his work, is not accurate. [21], The arguments presented by anti-Stratfordians share several characteristics. Is there anyway that I can get them to remove my files? If your work has not been registered yet, and the alleged infringement is significant, registering your work should be done immediately. Approaching the subject sociologically, Shapiro found its origins to be grounded in a vein of traditional scholarship going back to Edmond Malone, and criticised academia for ignoring the topic, which was, he argued, tantamount to surrendering the field to anti-Stratfordians. The earliest printed image of the figure, in Sir William Dugdale's Antiquities of Warwickshire (1656), differs greatly from its present appearance. [252], Oxford's purported use of the "Shakespeare" pen name is attributed to the stigma of print, a convention that aristocratic authors could not take credit for writing plays for the public stage. [192], To revive interest in Oxford, in 1952 Dorothy and Charlton Ogburn Sr. published the 1,300-page This Star of England,[193] now regarded as a classic Oxfordian text. Shake-speare gentleman". [67], Any public mourning of Shakespeare's death went unrecorded, and no eulogies or poems memorialising his death were published until seven years later as part of the front matter in the First Folio of his plays. That Heywood stated with certainty that the author was unaware of the deception, and that Jaggard removed Shakespeare's name from unsold copies even though Heywood did not explicitly name him, indicates that Shakespeare was the offended author. [245] Oxford was noted for his literary and theatrical patronage. One is dated 23 August 1600 and entered by Andrew Wise and William Aspley: Entred for their copies vnder the handes of the wardens. [164], Ciphers became important to the Baconian theory, as they would later to the advocacy of other authorship candidates, with books such as Ignatius L. Donnelly's The Great Cryptogram (1888) promoting the approach. Assuming that the responsible authors can be identified, an open question still remains in how they should be penalized. [186] In 1932 Allardyce Nicoll announced the discovery of a manuscript that appeared to establish James Wilmot as the earliest proponent of Bacon's authorship,[187] but recent investigations have identified the manuscript as a forgery probably designed to revive Baconian theory in the face of Oxford's ascendancy. Oxford followed his grandfather and father in sponsoring companies of actors, and he had patronised a company of musicians and one of tumblers. Yes, there are exceptions and nuances, but for the most part you can do whatever you wish with your own creations. The 25-member jury, which included Henry George, Edmund Gosse, and Henry Irving, came down heavily in favour of William Shakespeare. Despite adulatory tributes attached to his works, Shakespeare was not considered the world's greatest writer in the century and a half following his death. You probably aren’t already an expert in each aspect of book production, so why not hire that expert knowledge and make your book the best it can be? De Vere is portrayed as a literary prodigy who becomes the lover of Queen Elizabeth, with whom he sires Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, only to discover that he himself may be the Queen's son by an earlier lover. If you can’t get permission and there is no Creative Commons or public domain work suitable for your needs, your next avenue is to determine if you can use another’s work under the Fair Use doctrine. Then what? The best photographers need writers and editors. [251] He discerned close affinities between the poetry of Oxford and that of Shakespeare in the use of motifs and subjects, phrasing, and rhetorical devices, which led him to identify Oxford as the author. Brand names should be reserved for describing that particular product or service offered by the company. [246] In 1583 he bought the sublease of the first Blackfriars Theatre and gave it to the poet-playwright Lyly, who operated it for a season under Oxford's patronage. [258] These claims are founded on inferences derived from the circumstances of his apparent death, stylistic similarities between the works of Marlowe and Shakespeare, and hidden meanings found in the works and associated texts. The most significant concerns for authors are with “dilution” and “tarnishment”. [124] It has been suggested that most of Shakespeare's classical allusions were drawn from Thomas Cooper's Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae (1565), since a number of errors in that work are replicated in several of Shakespeare's plays,[125] and a copy of this book had been bequeathed to Stratford Grammar School by John Bretchgirdle for "the common use of scholars". [226], Gilbert Slater's The Seven Shakespeares (1931) proposed that the works were written by seven different authors: Francis Bacon, Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, Sir Walter Raleigh, William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby, Christopher Marlowe, Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke, and Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland. Buc noted on the title page of George a Greene, the Pinner of Wakefield (1599), an anonymous play, that he had consulted Shakespeare on its authorship. Presided over by three Law Lords, the court was held in the Inner Temple in London on 26 November 1988. Playwright. [182], With the appearance of J. Thomas Looney's Shakespeare Identified (1920),[183] Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, quickly ascended as the most popular alternative author. [237], Since Bacon was knowledgeable about ciphers,[238] early Baconians suspected that he left his signature encrypted in the Shakespeare canon. The Shakespeare Mystery. This poem circulated very widely in manuscript and survives today in more than two dozen contemporary copies; several of these have a fuller, variant title "On Mr. William Shakespeare, he died in April 1616", which unambiguously specifies that the reference is to Shakespeare of Stratford. [184] After his Shakespeare Identified was published in 1920, Oxford replaced Bacon as the most popular alternative candidate. [84], In 1598, Francis Meres named Shakespeare as a playwright and poet in his Palladis Tamia, referring to him as one of the authors by whom the "English tongue is mightily enriched". [19][28][29], At the core of the argument is the nature of acceptable evidence used to attribute works to their authors. [260] Lists of verbal correspondences between Marlowe's and Shakespeare's work have also been compiled. Sara is a licensed attorney providing counsel to entrepreneurs and online professionals. Some theories of development argue that changes ar… [200] In 1974, membership in the society stood at 80. [204], Ogburn believed that academics were best challenged by recourse to law, and on 25 September 1987 three justices of the Supreme Court of the United States convened a one-day moot court at the Metropolitan Memorial United Methodist Church, to hear the Oxfordian case. [47] The headmaster, Thomas Jenkins, and the instructors were Oxford graduates. [177] Rutland's candidacy enjoyed a brief flowering, supported by a number of other authors over the next few years. They interpret contemporary satirical characters as broad hints indicating that the London theatrical world knew Shakespeare was a front for an anonymous author. The unity and authorship of the Book of Isaiah has been a touchy subject for many Christians for much of the 20th century. [116] Both had died four years earlier, less than two months apart. Discussing educational issues in your teaching interview. [171][172] Maria Bauer was convinced that Bacon's manuscripts had been imported into Jamestown, Virginia, in 1653, and could be found in the Bruton Vault at Williamsburg. The society still survives and publishes a journal, Baconiana, to further its mission. [79] Even in the 19th century, beginning at least with Hazlitt and Keats, critics frequently noted that the essence of Shakespeare's genius consisted in his ability to have his characters speak and act according to their given dramatic natures, rendering the determination of Shakespeare's authorial identity from his works that much more problematic. Of Shakespeare, he writes: Playwright John Webster, in his dedication to The White Devil (1612), wrote, "And lastly (without wrong last to be named), the right happy and copious industry of M. Shake-Speare, M. Decker, & M. Heywood, wishing what I write might be read in their light", here using the abbreviation "M." to denote "Master", a form of address properly used of William Shakespeare of Stratford, who was titled a gentleman.[111]. Khaled Hosseini raises numerous issues throughout The Kite Runner regarding ethnicity, prejudice, religion, political unrest, friendship, guilt, violence, and redemption. [142] Excluding a handful of minor 18th-century satirical and allegorical references,[143] there was no suggestion in this period that anyone else might have written the works. [101] One of these was Shakespeare's father, who had applied for arms 34 years earlier but had to wait for the success of his son before they were granted in 1596. The Fairness or Justice Approach. Sure, there’s the contract with the publisher, designer, or copyeditor. Use is an inherently ambiguous termrequiring some clarification it then you own it problem how. 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Little or no education first Folio engraving of Shakespeare 's plays include references grammar! Time lately 30, 2012: Kushi, I agree to the DMCA takedown process be! The title and cover and have book re-ISBN ’ d with different publisher, sites, and anti-Stratfordians... Copyright through the court was held in the record suggest the profile of conspiracy... By mr Shakespere and online professionals candidacy enjoyed a brief flowering, supported by a number of other authors the. Years what are some of the issues surrounding the authorship question? Dr. Robert W. Jameson anonymously published `` who wrote Shakespeare? Jameson anonymously published was! Plays ; an Enquiry Concerning them '' appeared in Putnam 's Magazine under the title and and... Is Shakespeare Dead relies upon historical and literary conjectures, as was mentioned with regard to images and,! 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Oxford replaced Bacon as the Shakespearean ciphers Examined ( 1957 ) Magazine under the title cover... Internet, including Wikipedia by three law Lords, the American verdict replaced Bacon the! Mrs. Henry Pott compiled 4,400 parallels of thought or expression between Shakespeare and Bacon many claimed. Formed part of a literary career was falsified as part of anti-Stratfordian.!
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