Herod Agrippa I was the grandson of Herod the Great (Acts 12). Despite his affection for Mariamne, he was prone to violent attacks of jealousy; his sister Salome (not to be confused with her great-niece, Herodias’s daughter Salome) made good use of his natural suspicions and poisoned his mind against his wife in order to wreck the union. His most grandiose creation was the Temple, which he wholly rebuilt. ", Kachelhoffer Clement / Contributor / Getty Images. He is historically known as one of the most divisive and controversial rulers. Herod, who was himself King of the Jews, was alarmed at the prospect of the newborn king us… Meet Herod the Great: Ruthless Ruler of the Jews. Antipater was a man of great influence and wealth who increased both by marrying the daughter of a noble from Petra (in southwestern Jordan), at that time the capital of the rising Arab Nabataean kingdom. He managed to keep hold of his throne in the face of the many changes in the government at Rome. God allowed Herod the Great to build a magnificent temple in Jerusalem. Herod, born in southern Palestine, was the son of Antipater, an Edomite whom Julius Caesar later appointed procurator of Judaea. Herod I or Herod the Great (Hebrew: Hordos הוֹרְדוֹס) was a major Roman client-king of Judea approximately 37-4 B.C.E. By Professor Isaiah Gafni. Herod's rule accomplished a political and social revolution. His cause of death is debated, but it is known that he was in both mental and physical disorder in his final years and that he suffered from arteriosclerosis. Julius Caesar appointed a governor to keep watch over the country, the son of an Idumean who had been forced to covert to Judaism, a man named Herod. Herod the Great, founder of the dynasty, tried to kill the infant Jesus by the “slaughter of the innocents” at Bethlehem. In his own kingdom he could not give full rein to his love of magnificence, for fear of offending the Pharisees, the leading faction of Judaism, with whom he was always in conflict because they regarded him as a foreigner. Jewish History. He was an Idumean or Edomite (a descendant of Esau), but there had been intermarriage between Jews and Edomites, and Herod publicly identified himself as a Jew, although he was not faithful to observe Jewish Law. False Messiahs in Judaism. Herod's much-criticized relationship with Rome would keep Judea safe and establish a Jewish state. Herod went into his personal family fortune in Idumea, sold everything, stripped the palace of all The New Testament portrays him as a tyrant, into whose kingdom Jesus of Nazareth was born. The great outer court, 35 acres (14 hectares) in extent, is still visible as Al-Ḥaram al-Sharīf. Octavian, who had met Herod in Rome, knew that he was the one man to rule Palestine as Rome wanted it ruled and confirmed him king. Herod the Great was born in 73 BC into a notable family. Herod I (the Great) was son of Antipater and made king by the Romans in 40 B.C. With Albert Baumgarten, Corey Lawson, Eyal Meiron, Yosef Porath. Palestine during the time of Herod the Great and his sons. Historians agree that in many respects Herod … When Pompey (106–48 bce) invaded Palestine in 63 bce, Antipater supported his campaign and began a long association with Rome, from which both he and Herod were to benefit. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Donate. And now no one could pay any taxes. The biblical story of Herod the Great is told in Matthew 2:1-22; Luke 1:5. Herod's most famous and ambitious project was the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. He had 14 children. Retrieved from https://www.learnreligions.com/herod-the-great-enemy-of-jesus-christ-701064. Herod the Great. Father - AntipaterMother - CyprusWives - Doris, Mariamne I, Mariamne II, Malthace, Cleopatra (Jewish), Pallas, Phaedra, Elpis, others.Sons - Herod Antipas, Philip, Archelaus, Aristobulus, Antipater, others. He had to repress a revolt, became involved in a quarrel with his Nabataean neighbours, and finally lost the favour of Augustus. Herod, king of Judea, was famous for creating a series of great buildings, and laying the foundations for Jerusalem. Rome had been growing and strengthening during the Hasmonean Period. His kingdom comprised Judea, Samaria, Galilee, Idumea, Batanea, and Peraea, which was approximately the same size as the kingdom of David and Solomon. In 40 bce the Parthians invaded Palestine, civil war broke out, and Herod was forced to flee to Rome. King Herod Herod was a king appointed by the Romans ©. Herod’s mother was the daughter of a noble from Petra, the centre of a rising Nabataean polity. 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