contour strip mining

The ore is very near to the surface of the land but has one or more layers of rock and filth on top of it. SURVEY . We'll email you at these times to remind you to study. Surface mining techniques are categorized as either strip, open pit, or mountaintop removal Strip mining is a method used on flat terrain and involves removing soil or rock above a layer of coal, exposing the coal seam for mining One type of strip mining is contour mining, … What is terraces cut into hills to strip mine coal? …most common are open-pit mining, strip mining, and quarrying. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It is very cost effective. underburden. Hillside mining such as this is called "contour mining," in contrast to "area mining" on relatively flat terrain. Although there are many area strip mines in Wisconsin, contour strip mines are more common in mountainous areas It is much more efficient compared to underground mining Recovery rate for materials is higher; 80 to 90% of the material can be recovered It is lower in cost Underground mining is also considered in this section. of surface mining and the types of environmental damage that can result. overburden. The Pros of Strip Mining. In the past, strip-mined mineral deposits that became exhausted or uneconomical to mine often were simply abandoned. Other coal companies followed with deep mine shafts sunk north and south of town, which, by the 1950s, had given way to strip mining. Pictures Step1 Step 2 Mission Statement Step3 Contour Mining their mission is to be committed to deliver value engineers project through safe operations and increased superior project management. Area mining is appropriate for the extraction of near-surface, relatively flat-lying, and thin deposits of coal, phosphate, and similar minerals. Generally, reclamation is performed concurrently with mining. Andrea Cross Date: February 22, 2021 Strip mining is used to recover resources that are close to the surface.. The ore is very near to the surface of the land but has one or more layers of rock and filth on top of it. “Contour mining”” 2.1. Strip mining, removal of soil and rock (overburden) above a layer or seam (particularly coal), followed by the removal of the exposed mineral. An overview has been presented in an attempt to highlight some of the traditional problems of coal mining with specific focus on contour mining in mountainous regions. In the latter, the number of rows are limited mostly by contractual arrangements. In contour strip mining, bulldozers or power shovels are deployed to take away huge amounts of ground material in terraced strips for extracting coal from a seam on a hill. The method to recover such materials is called strip mining, a form of surface mining where surface vegetation, soil and rocks are removed in strips and often times together with controlled explosions in order to make the removal process more efficient. Harraz Presentation . stripping wheels are used to remov e large chunks of earth in terraced strips in order to extract coal . Every metal product has a ____ that includes mining and processing the mineral, manufacturing the product, and disposal or recycling of the product. To mine the ore, these layers have to be removed. 1. The method used depends upon the topography of the land. Harraz Presentation. Pictures Step1 Step 2 Mission Statement Step3 Contour Mining their mission is to be committed to deliver value engineers project through safe operations and increased superior project management. • Mountaintop removal uses explosives, large power shovels, and huge machines called draglines to remove the top of a mountain and expose seams of coal. Strip mining is the process of removing the topsoil, rock and other material (overburden) covering a mineral deposit in order to ex-tract the minerals.1 Strip mining is of two types: contour stripping and area stripping. What people are saying - Write a review. Open-pit coal mining is a combination of contour and area mining methods and is used to mine thick, steeply inclined coalbeds. Tags: Question 9 . These radical strip-mining operations not only obliterate the former habitat and homes of innumerable wild creatures, they also reshape the very contour of the horizon. The Contour Mining Counter Mining starts of Ograniczenia na konturze eksploatacja odkrywkowa obydwa są gospodarczy i techniczni. We'll email you at these times to remind you to study. Contents. Professor of Mining, Colorado School of Mines, Golden. Mining Methods, Surface mining. Here are the pros and cons of strip mining to consider. SURVEY . Q. mainly used to mine coal on hilly or mountainous terrain . Civil Engineering Department, Argonne National Laboratory, United States. Strip mining is fundamentally different from contour or area mining on how the overburden is displaced, called spoil handling. en.wikipedia.org. Every metal product has a ____ that includes mining and processing the mineral, manufacturing the product, and disposal or recycling of the product. Contour strip mining. Contour mining entails making cuts on the slant/angle where the coal seam is traced, to take away the overburden first and then the coal itself. In auger mining Augering is usually associated with contour strip-mining, recovering coal for a limited depth beyond the point where stripping becomes uneconomical because the seam of coal lies so far beneath the surface. The Mechanics of Strip Mining This section describes the five main types of surface coal mining techniques: area mining, open pit mining, contour mining, auger mining, and mountaintop removal. These differ from one another in the mine geometries created, the techniques used, and the minerals produced.…, In strip mining, the operation is conducted so as to deposit the overburden material in a previous excavation left after the mined deposit is removed. under which the coal seam lies is scalped or removed. Contour strip mining: Contour strip mining is a method of surface mining or in which bulldozers, power shovels, or stripping wheels are used to remove large chunks of earth in terraced strips in order to extract coal from a seam or series of seams on a hill or mountain. mountain mining . Materials are recovered at a rate of up to 90 percent during strip mining, which is a much higher recovery rate than most forms of mining can promise. Learn more. 26 (7) (8) "Bench" means the ledge, shelf, table, or terrace formed in the contour method of strip mining. Strip mining is a controversial practice owing to the fact that it affects topography, vegetation and water resources. https://www.britannica.com/technology/contour-strip-mining. From inside the book . contour strip mining. Miejski obszar charakteryzuje się … Great mining is mainly considered by mining companies product equipments like as Aluminum, copper, gold, mercury, etc. Contour mining progresses in a narrow zone following the outcrop of a mineral seam in mountainous terrain. Contour strip mining is a method of surface mining or in which bulldozers, power shovels, or . open-pit mining . In contour strip mining, strips are dug out around the contours of a mountain, and miners must be more careful to avoid collapses and other problems which can cause injuries or deaths. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. 0 Reviews. Study Reminders . Strip mining is a kind of surface mining. • Drill bench preparation. An overview has been presented in an attempt to highlight some of the traditional problems of coal mining with specific focus on contour mining in mountainous regions. All surface or strip mining first removes the overlying vegetation, soil and underground rock layers in order to expose and extract coal from an underground seam or coal deposit. The Contour or Bench method of surface or strip mining is usually associated with coal, where a seam or multiple seams are located at a certain elevation or elevations through a mountain or hill. Q. Contour Strip Mining? Q. Layer of soil and rock overlying a mineral deposit. It is hazardous to human health 4. We haven't found any reviews in the usual places. Piles of waste soil and rock removed during surface mining are called _____ spoils. The cycle of operations for both techniques consists of vegetation clearing, soil removal, drilling and blasting of overburden (if needed), stripping, removal of the coal or other mineral commodity, and reclamation. Detractors point to the controversies surrounding this method. First, the surface vegetation (trees, bushes, etc.) answer choices . Area strip mining is commonly used on flat terrain to extract deposits spread over a large area. answer choices . Set your study reminders. 1. The common strip-mining techniques are classified as area mining or contour mining on the basis of the deposit geometry and type. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Contour strip mining is a method of surface mining or in which bulldozers, power shovels, or . The method to recover such materials is called strip mining, a form of surface mining where surface vegetation, soil and rocks are removed in strips and often times together with controlled explosions in order to make the removal process more efficient. In the image, we see a green pool of wastewater, which is a slurry of toxic material from the exposed mountainside. What is government funding provided to mining companies to … As one might imagine from the description, strip mining can be extremely disruptive. 14420 Strip mining is a form of resource collection that involves dirt removal from a very large area to sift through it. area strip mining . – Contour strip mining is used mostly to mine coal on hilly or mountainous terrain. Contour strip (hilly terrain) mining or Contour (Bench) Strip Mining. Almost 20 years since the strip mine began and it is still going strong here in Stellarton, Nova Scotia. Industrial strip mining, with motorized shovels, began in 1928. Materials such as coal and tar sand are located relatively near the surface of the earth. Tags: Question 8 . lithosphere. Piles of waste soil and rock removed during surface mining are called _____ spoils. See mining and coal mining. It is also referred to as Bench mining. Contour strip mining and area strip mining are the two forms of strip mining, which is often used to extract coal and lignite. Strip Mining Pros to Consider . The second approach, called contour mining, is used on hilly terrain and involves stripping land in a manner that mirrors its topography. life cycle. 400. Process in which a … The result was a barren sawtooth, lunarlike landscape of spoil piles hostile to natural vegetation and generally unsuitable for any immediate land use. In contour strip mining, bulldozers or power shovels are deployed to take away huge amounts of ground material in terraced strips for extracting coal from a seam on a hill. surface mining . Tags: Question 4 . The final excavation is not filled. This method is often considered safer, as well, and doesn’t require extensive electricity rigging and water piping. To mine the ore, these layers have to be removed. The Contour Mining Counter Mining starts of For those who are unfamiliar, strip mining is a form of surface mining that focuses on the collection of tar sand and coal, which both rest somewhat close to Earth’s surface. Drill machines (rotary/percussive) | Contour Strip Mining-used in areas where a coal seam outcrops on the side of a hill, but the economics do not permit the complete removal of the overburden-Mining proceeds along the outcrop in a strip or series of strips until the economic limit of stripping is reached. The second approach, called contour mining, is used on hilly terrain and involves stripping land in a manner that mirrors its topography. 27: D Other Remarks About Study Phase II . The limitations on contour strip mining are both economic and technical. Strip mining is a form of resource collection that involves dirt removal from a very large area to sift through it. Find more words at wordhippo.com! Form of surface mining used on hilly or mountainous terrain. Types of Mining. Before any part of an area gets developed There are strict regulations and assessment that ensures companies are guided by the core values of safety environmental enhancement sustainability responsibility and inclusion allowing them to create value and improve lives The cycle begins with prospecting and thorough exploration The process continues with development and construction … “Contour mining”” 2.1. Open-pit coal mining is a combination of contour and area mining methods and is used to mine thick, steeply inclined coalbeds. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Instead of working underground, a pit is created deep in the ground and all work is accomplished on the surface. Consequently, the main difference between area and contour strip mining are the number of rows and the steepness of the terrain. Auger Mining Glory Holing Quarrying Panning Sluicing Dredging Hydraulic Mining Heap Leaching In-situ leaching (ISL) Prof. Dr. H.Z. Hillside mining such as this is called "contour mining," in contrast to "area mining" on relatively flat terrain. This bed of coal is located at an elevation in a mountain range or any other hilly area. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Resource Exchange Webs. Phases of Contour Mining • Removal of top soil. It is a method of strip or surface mining. asthenosphere. Although it is subject to state and federal reclamation requirements, the adequacy of such requirements is a frequent source of contention. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In contrast to other forms of mining, open pit mines increased in number from 2008 to 2017, but production levels still fell. Here are the pros and cons of strip mining to consider. 23 areas, treatment ponds, and any other surface or subsurface disturbance associated with strip mining or 24 underground mining; and 25 (iv) all activities necessary and incident to the reclamation of the mining operations. Tags: Question 5 . This has served as a framework for viewing the need for additional information to more fully elucidate the total impact of strip mining on the environment. 30 seconds . • Subsurface mining removes minerals from underground through tunnels and shafts. Monday Set Reminder-7 am + Tuesday Set Reminder-7 … An earthmover removes the overburden, and a power shovel extracts the coal, with the overburden from each new terrace dumped onto the one below. The length of these strips may be hundreds of metres. open-pit mining . You're all set. Usually, the mineral seam follows the contour of the outcrop, and the overburden is removed carefully along the seam in much smaller and custom shaped excavations rather than long strips. contour strip mining . The strip-mined area is then left as a series of piles of overburden, called spoil…. Strip mining is fundamentally different from contour or area mining on how the overburden is displaced, called spoil handling. Contour mining is associated with coal. The Strip mining Method All surface or Strip mining initially eradicates the vegetation, rock sediment, and soil spread over the surface to uncover and remove coal from an underground mineral seam or coal deposit Environmental Effects of Contour Coal Strip Mining: Hydrologic Impact Summary Report: Contributors: Bruce A. Tschantz, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. • Mountaintop removal uses explosives, large power shovels, and huge machines called draglines to remove the top of a mountain and expose seams of coal. Consequently, the main difference between area and contour strip mining are the number of rows and the steepness of the terrain. Contour stripping is used in hilly regions where the coal This is because removing the terrain surface, or overburden, to access the mineral beneath is often more cost-effective than gouging tunnels and subterranean shafts to access minerals underground. The peaks laid low. In contour or area stripping, the overburden is hauled with different equipment than what digs or removes the overburden. contour strip mining. Safeopedia explains Strip Mining Strip-mining processes are subject to a variety of occupational and environmental health and safety regulations in any advanced country in which the activity is practiced. 400. Instead of working underground, a pit is created deep in the ground and all work is accomplished on the surface. They often failed to differentiate these different methods of mining. Contour mining is a version of strip mining that follows the contours of outcrops and hilly terrains. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. You can set up to 7 reminders per week. High Recovery Rate Other forms of mining do not guarantee the same rate of return as strip mining does. life cycle. How's the process of contour mining? Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! In contour strip mining, bulldozers, power shovels or stripping wheels are used to remove large chunks of earth in terraced strips in order to extract coal (or minerals) from one or more seams on a hill or mountain. 30 seconds . Editor. The contour method is used almost exclusively in the steep Appala chian region of the United States, where coal seams outcrop from the sides of hills or mountains. open-pit mining . Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! The municipal area is strongly marked by brown coal strip mining. Surface mining was referred to as strip mining or stripping or sometimes as surface mining itself. The method used depends upon the topography of the land. en.wikipedia.org. Surface mining is often the preference for mining companies. Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels.. https://www.britannica.com/technology/strip-mining, Public Broadcasting Service - Mountaintop Removal Strip Mining. Surface Mining Underground Mining Shaft Mining Contour Mining Drift Mining Sulfur Mining Mining FACTS. Environmental Effects of Contour Coal Strip Mining: Hydrologic Impact Summary Report. In contour strip mining, bulldozers or power shovels are deployed to take away huge amounts of ground material in terraced strips for extracting coal from a seam on a hill. As one might imagine from the description, strip mining can be extremely disruptive. contour strip mining. Contour strip mining accounted for more than half of the surface mine closures between 2008 and 2017. SURVEY . contour strip mining. Materials such as coal and tar sand are located relatively near the surface of the earth. A power shovel cuts a series of terraces into the side of a hill. Mountaintop removal combines area and contour strip mining methods. Strip mining is a controversial practice owing to the fact that it affects topography, vegetation and water resources. The plural of strip mining is strip mining. strip mining meaning: 1. a method of obtaining substances such as coal from the ground that involves removing the top…. The life cycle of a metal product ends with ____ discarding the product. 1. Responsible surface mining attempts to limit the side effects of this removal through several basic steps: 1. Augering is usually associated with contour strip-mining, recovering coal for a limited depth beyond the point where stripping becomes uneconomical because the seam of coal lies so far beneath the surface. 2 February 2016 Prof. Dr. H.Z. Area mining usually progresses in a series of parallel deep trenches referred to as furrows or strips. Those who support strip mining point to the increased ease of access and all of its attendant benefits. In the latter, the number of rows are limited mostly by contractual arrangements. Department of Energy. Subsidies. Although it is subject to state and federal reclamation requirements, the adequacy of such requirements is a frequent source of contention. Contour strip mining: Contour strip mining is a method of surface mining or in which bulldozers, power shovels, or stripping wheels are used to remove large chunks of earth in terraced strips in order to extract coal from a seam or series of seams on a hill or mountain. There are five main forms of surface mining, detailed below. How's the process of contour mining? …be broadly classified into (1) contour strip mining, (2) area strip mining, (3) open-pit mining, and (4) auger mining. Safeopedia explains Strip Mining Strip-mining processes are subject to a variety of occupational and environmental health and safety regulations in any advanced country in which the activity is practiced. University of Tennessee, 1982 - Coal mines and mining - 95 pages. This has served as a framework for viewing the need for additional information to more fully elucidate the total impact of strip mining on the environment. The familiar curves and folds of the landscape, the mountains that have anchored communities for generations, are simply gone. The cycle of operations for both techniques consists of vegetation clearing, soil removal, drilling and blasting of overburden (if needed), stripping, removal of the coal or other mineral commodity, and reclamation. SURVEY . The contour method is used practically solely in the Appala­chian region of North America, where coal seams protrude from the sides of hills or mountains. The plural of strip mining is strip mining. What is system in which the wastes of one manufacturer become the raw materials for another? 1. Strip mining is the process of removing the topsoil, rock and other material (overburden) covering a mineral deposit in order to ex-tract the minerals.1 Strip mining is of two types: contour stripping and area stripping. • Subsurface mining removes minerals from underground through tunnels and shafts. Corrections? In contour strip mining, strips are dug out around the contours of a mountain, and miners must be more careful to avoid collapses and other problems which can cause injuries or deaths. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Contour strip mining and area strip mining are the two forms of strip mining, which is often used to extract coal and lignite. Such spoil areas are now routinely reclaimed and permanent vegetation reestablished as an integral part of surface-mining operations. contour strip mining . Updates? Strip mining is a form of surface mining that is usually employed for the recovery of materials such as coal and tar sand, which are relatively near the surface of the earth. Strip mining is a kind of surface mining. The common strip-mining techniques are classified as area mining or contour mining on the basis of the deposit geometry and type. –Contour strip mining is used mostly to mine coal on hilly or mountainous terrain. Sometimes it was also called contour mining as it was the closest form of surface mining in Appalachia. Omissions? Find more words at wordhippo.com! 30 seconds . Phase IIbAnalysis and Parametric . Contour strip mining accounted for more than half of the surface mine closures between 2008 and 2017. Get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox familiar curves and folds of surface... Overburden, called contour mining ” ” 2.1 what you ’ ve submitted and whether... Contractual arrangements Panning Sluicing Dredging Hydraulic mining Heap Leaching In-situ Leaching ( ISL ) Prof. Dr..... Power shovels, began in 1928, Nova Scotia, etc. a series of terraces into the of... Terrain ) mining or in which bulldozers, power shovels, began in 1928 ’ ve submitted and whether! It is subject to state and federal reclamation contour strip mining, the mountains that have anchored communities generations. Offers, and similar minerals began and it is a frequent source of contention then left as a series piles! Also called contour mining Counter mining starts of “ contour mining as it was the form... Is appropriate for the extraction of near-surface, relatively flat-lying, and from. This email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica are the of. Requires login ) vegetation and generally unsuitable for any immediate land use very large area to sift through it School! Coal and lignite terraces cut into hills to strip mine coal on hilly or mountainous terrain is going. Damage that can result refer to the increased ease of access and all its! Or removes the overburden mining Counter mining starts of “ contour mining • removal of top soil Laboratory!, 2021 strip mining is used to remov e large chunks of earth in terraced strips in order to coal... 27: D other Remarks About study Phase II thin deposits of coal is at. Steeply inclined coalbeds study Phase II Layer of soil and rock removed during surface mining used on hilly and... 2017, but production levels still fell in 1928 doesn ’ t require extensive electricity and. Wastes of one manufacturer become the raw materials for another 1. a method of surface mining was referred as! Of metres requirements is a method of strip mining: Hydrologic Impact Report... If you have any questions affects topography, vegetation and generally unsuitable any... Be extremely disruptive then left as a series of piles of overburden, called handling! Citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies mining ” ” 2.1 that. Left as a series of parallel deep trenches referred to as furrows or strips method! Sand are located relatively near the surface mine closures between 2008 and 2017 right... Result was a barren sawtooth, lunarlike landscape of spoil piles hostile to natural and... Those who support strip mining is fundamentally different from contour or area mining '' on flat... Mining meaning: 1. a method of obtaining substances such as coal and tar sand are located relatively near surface! –Contour strip mining to consider practice owing to the fact that it topography! In order to extract coal at an elevation in a manner that mirrors its.... Coal, phosphate, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica any immediate land use often... A copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids hilly or mountainous terrain exclusive content ground and all of attendant. Under which the wastes of one manufacturer become the raw materials for another to be.! Study Phase II a hill reviews in the image, we see a green pool of wastewater which. Eksploatacja odkrywkowa obydwa są gospodarczy i techniczni Rate other forms of surface mining natural vegetation and resources. Increased ease of access and all work is accomplished on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get stories. This removal through several basic steps: 1 exclusive content trusted stories delivered right to inbox... Geometry and type production levels still fell electricity rigging and water piping Encyclopaedia.. In the past, strip-mined mineral deposits that became exhausted or uneconomical to mine the ore, these layers to.: Contributors: Bruce A. Tschantz, university of Tennessee, 1982 - coal mines and mining - 95.... Of environmental damage that can result attempts to limit the side Effects of contour coal strip mining is slurry! To consider - Mountaintop removal strip mining are the two forms of strip mining can be extremely disruptive been to. Hundreds of metres as strip mining is a method of strip mining methods to. Although it is subject to state and federal reclamation requirements, the overburden is often considered safer, as,!
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